The Knights of Pythias fraternal organization was founded in 1865 by an Act of Congress. When African American men were denied membership, they created their own organization in Vicksburg, MS, in 1880. Its founder, Thomas Stringer, believed that fraternal organizations could provide the black community with business networks, economic safety nets, and political experience at a time when Jim Crow laws were being constructed all around them. In Birmingham, Alabama, these Pythians became the cornerstone of an African American business community that included the first black-owned and operated bank in the state. They provided burial, life, and disability insurance for members and became a source of civic pride and racial solidarity. When their right to exist was challenged, they took the case to the Supreme Court in 1912 and won. This strategy would be used decades later in Brown v. Board of Education.
Black-on-Black Violence: The Psychodynamics of Black Self-Annihilation in Service of White Domination represents a distinct milestone in criminology and Afrikana Studies. Its explanatory perspectives on the sociopsychological and politicoeconomic causes of Black-on-Black violence are exceptionally insightful, incisive and iconoclastic. The...
The Sensational Book of the Century... They Lived Before Adam delves deep into the valleys of time and showcases the history of the Igbo people Nigeria who have Never been ruled. **Please note: This is an import book and...