Ancient and Modern Britons: A Retrospect (Volume 2), originally published in 1884 by David MacRitchie, deepens and expands upon the highly controversial ethno-historical theories introduced in his first volume. MacRitchie, a Scottish antiquarian and folklorist, argues that much of the early population of the British Isles consisted of dark-skinned, pre-Celtic, and non-Aryan aboriginal groups who were gradually absorbed into the modern population rather than being completely wiped out. While modern anthropology and genetics have largely discredited his racial models and linguistic leaps, the book remains an influential and frequently cited text within esoteric history, alternative nationalist theories, and Afrocentric historical frameworks.